I have finally gotten Arckon to the point of his previous javascript form, with some improvements added. It's still not intelligent, but it functions at the minimum required level. It gives simple answers, in proper english, to simple queries. I start with that because I want to be sure his memory and language interaction is working as it should before I let him draw conclusions and such.
By "simple queries" I mean simple things like:
"do you have my green pen?", "am I your creator?" and such. useless questions, but important for testing.
As for grammar: I am teaching it grammar as my english teacher would; by programming the basic rules in.
Next I will teach it to answer a different kind of questions; what, how, who and why-questions, which require more 'thought'. then I will add functions to write down conclusions in his memory himself. That's all still for the language interface alone.

From there on, I can get to the good stuff, and give him actual reasoning abilities.

I thought one good way to test reasoning would be to teach it maths.
Then you could ask it a question "What is 3 + 6?" for example and see it answer.
I know that sounds stupidly simple and it is, but the point is after teaching it enough logic maybe your program will be able to work things out that you didn`t expect (didn`t specifically program in), and be able to spot faults in the logic or certain questions that you ask it etc.

In Douglas Hofstadter's book "Metamagical Themas" he talks about a system which was able to do that. From simple definitions of "0", "successor" and logic rules it was able to "discover" addition, multiplication, prime numbers and some other theorems.

The system didn't go much far away, though, because there are much more to invention and creativity than the axioms of any rule-based system. I recommend reading Hofstadter's books (the best one is "Godel, Escher, Bach") to anyone interested in logic, mind and automation of artistic abilities.